by crbutler on Sat Feb 02, 2013 2:58 pm
If you remove Elk from the list, either an overbore .22 centerfire (.22-250, .220 Swift, .223 WSSM) or a .243 is probably your best choice for "do everything," but to do that you will need a rifle that is especially set up to handle heavier for caliber bullets. You will need a heavier bullet for large game, especially at distance. Most factory guns have rifling twists set up for standard bullet weights. Bullet selection for the game being sought is critical with these calibers also.
A factory .243 win will do most of what you want, but you will need to limit the deer to whatever reasonable distance that you and it are capable at, and not take suboptimal shot presentation (quartering away or rear end shots) on larger deer. On the other hand, a bigger cartridge will work for varmints, but the ammo costs and the recoil will get to you after a while.
I know a very few people who have taken elk with a .243, and aside from a local farmer who knows his herd and is just meat hunting and takes head/neck shots only (he can hit a coke can at 200 yards offhand with it... and considers a long shot "mebbe 75 yards") none of them advocate that gun on elk any more.
Edit to add that if you remove varmint shooting, a .30-06 will be adequate for anything, including bear, in north America.