texasprowler wrote:The concept of representation is an extension of speech, that one appoints another to speak on his behalf. A vote denied is a voice silenced.
Contrary to popular belief, the concept of representation is
not an extension of free speech. It is an extension of property rights, and that when the government takes your property in the form of taxation, you have a right to a voice in how that property is used. It was not without argument though.
This was debated at the constitutional convention. Is suffrage an extension of personal rights, or of property rights? James Madison gave a speech to congress defining the issue. It's a very good read:
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders ... 16s26.htmlWhile Madison argued for a free and universal right of suffrage as an extension of personal rights, Hamilton argued that suffrage was in fact an extension of property rights, as it was the taxation of that property that funded the government. In the end, suffrage was deemed to be an extension of
property rights. While the original discussions dealt with property in the sense of taxation, it did quickly become an issue of the ownership of land in most states. I'm not 100% certain, but I believe this was due to the fact that landowners were the principal taxpayers, and it was easier to identify landowners (property deeds) than other types of taxpayers. Below is a map of the property qualifications for suffrage in 1775:
http://www.leventhalmapcenter.org/id/12425You'll note that
all states required a person to own land to vote, except for South Carolina, whose qualification was simply the paying of taxes.
While the constitution has been amended to prevent discrimination in voting due to age, sex, and race, there has been no amendment or court ruling that changes the fact that suffrage is an extension of property rights. Despite this however, the individual states began to eliminate the property requirement to vote, and by 1850 there were no states that
required a person own property or pay taxes in order to vote. Regardless of changes to the state requirements on who can and cannot vote, nothing has changed the fact that the federally recognized right of suffrage is still an extension of property rights, not an extension of personal rights. As I stated earlier in the thread, there have been attempts to add a universal legal right to vote to the constitution, but so far they have gone nowhere.
When someone claims that the "right" to vote is an extension of free speech, they are mistaken. Perhaps they mean to say that the "right" to vote
should be an extension of free speech, but currently it is not. Voting is an entitlement provided by the government to ensure that the right to suffrage, which is an extension of property rights, is not infringed by government taxation.